ASTM D5526-1994(2002) 加速土地填筑条件下塑料材料的厌氧生物降解测定的标准试验方法

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【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforDeterminingAnaerobicBiodegradationofPlasticMaterialsUnderAcceleratedLandfillConditions
【原文标准名称】:加速土地填筑条件下塑料材料的厌氧生物降解测定的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMD5526-1994(2002)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:1994
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D20.96
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:降解;条件;浸出;生物降解;厌氧生物降解;试验;加速土地填筑;曝光试验;塑料;处理;分解;分解
【英文主题词】:acceleratedlandfill;anaerobicbiodegradation;biodegradation;drydigestion;ecotoxicity;landfill;metabolites;plastics;testmethod
【摘要】:Decompositionofaplasticwithinalandfillinvolvesbiologicalprocessesthatwillaffectthedecompositionofothermaterialsenclosedby,orincloseproximityto,theplastic.Rapiddegradationoftheplasticmayincreasetheeconomicfeasibilityoflandfill-gasrecovery,minimizethedurationofafter-careofthelandfill,andmakepossibletherecoveryofthevolumereductionofthewasteduetobiodegradationduringtheactivelifeofthelandfill.Thisprocedurehasbeendevelopedtopermitdeterminationoftheanaerobicbiodegradabilityofplasticproductswhenplacedinbiologicallyactiveenvironmentssimulatinglandfillconditions.Thedecompositionofplasticmaterialsinalandfillisoflimitedimportance,asfewlandfillsareoperatedsoastobebiologicallyactive.However,asdegradationoccursinevitablyinalandfill,itisofimmediateconcernthattheplasticmaterialsdonotproducetoxicmetabolitesorendproductsunderthevariousconditionsthatmayoccurinalandfill.Themixturesremainingaftercompletionofthetestmethod,containingfullyorpartiallydegradedplasticmaterialsorextracts,canbesubmittedsubsequentlytoecotoxicitytestinginordertoassesstheenvironmentalhazardsposedbythebreakdownofplasticstovaryingdegreesinlandfills.Thistestmethodhasbeendesignedtoassessbiodegradationunderoptimumandless-than-optimumconditions.Limitations8212;Becauseawidevariationexistsintheconstructionandoperationoflandfills,andbecauseregulatoryrequirementsforlandfillsvarygreatly,thisprocedureisnotintendedtosimulatetheenvironmentofalllandfills.However,itisexpectedtocloselyresembletheenvironmentofabiologicallyactivelandfill.Morespecifically,theprocedureisintendedtocreateastandardlaboratoryenvironmentthatpermitsrapidandreproducibledeterminationoftheanaerobicbiodegradabilityunderacceleratedlandfillconditions,whileatthesametimeproducingreproduciblemixturesoffullyandpartiallydecomposedhouseholdwastewithplasticmaterialsforecotoxicologicalassessment.1.1Thistestmethodcoversdeterminationofthedegreeandrateofanaerobicbiodegradationofplasticmaterialsinanaccelerated-landfilltestenvironment.Thistestmethodisalsodesignedtoproducemixturesofhouseholdwasteandplasticmaterialsafterdifferentdegreesofdecompositionunderconditionsthatresemblelandfillconditions.Thetestmaterialsaremixedwithpretreatedhouseholdwasteandexposedtoamethanogenicinoculumderivedfromanaerobicdigestersoperatingonlyonpretreatedhouseholdwaste.Theanaerobicdecompositionoccursunderdry(morethan30%totalsolids)andstaticnonmixedconditions.Themixturesobtainedafterthistestmethodcanbeusedtoassesstheenvironmentalandhealthrisksofplasticmaterialsthataredegradedinalandfill.1.2Thistestmethodisdesignedtoyieldapercentageofconversionofcarboninthesampletocarboninthegaseousformunderconditionsthatresemblelandfillconditions.Thistestmethodmaynotsimulateallconditionsfoundinlandfills,especiallybiologicallyinactivelandfills.Thistestmethodmorecloselyresemblesthosetypesoflandfillsinwhichthegasgeneratedisrecoveredorevenactivelypromoted,orboth,forexample,byinoculation(codepositionofanaerobicsewagesludgeandanaerobicleachaterecirculation),moisturecontrolinthelandfill(leachaterecirculation),andtemperaturecontrol(short-terminjectionofoxygenandheatingofrecirculatedleachate)(1-7).1.3Thistestmethodisdesignedtoproducepartiallydegradedmixturesofmunicipalsolidwasteandplasticsthatcanbeusedtoassesstheecotoxicologicalrisksassociatedwiththeanaerobicdegradationofplasticsaftervariousstagesofanaer......
【中国标准分类号】:Q31
【国际标准分类号】:13_030_40
【页数】:5P.;A4
【正文语种】: